التركيب المحصولي الأمثل و أهميته على التوطن الزراعي بمنطقة مكة المكرمة

الملخص EN

The study aim at attaining the optimum alternative of crop patterns in makkah AL-mokaramah region in the shade of the different parameters and factors associated with crop pattern choices.

These parameters include natural and economical factors such as weather, soil, labor, and water needs.

Water needs are considered one of the major parameters that determine agricultural orientation.

Also touched upon the current status of crop patterns in the region of Makkah AL-mokaramah The findings unveiled that the area of crops could be categorized in four different categories: cereals, vegetables, fodder, and fruits, they represent about 35.2%, 27.3%, 26.2%, and 11.3% of the total crops area respectively.

With regard to the development of crop and production area of the four different categories of the crop pattern in the region of Makkah AL-mokaramah, the study disclosed that general trend, either up or down, for all crops within the four different categories, and the general trend relative stability of some crops with no change in their cultivated area.

Productivity development trend points out to an increase for most of the crops, and that increase is statistically significant.

This is due mainly to technological advancements in the field of new varieties and recent breeds as well as the application of modem techniques and methods in the different agricultural processes.

Crop pattern prediction is considered of great importance in the region of Makkah AL-mokaramah to achieve the objectives of that pattern, especially when crop pattern mean the designation and commitment of land resource in the light of certain parameters and variables in the choice of crop patterns that take into consideration all economic, technological, and social variables of the region.

With the framework of the study, crop patterns have been prepared using linear programming in the preparation of mathematical models to determine the annronriate cron nattems to arrive at the ontimnm solutions.

The optimum solutions arrive at the best fit to the different variables included in the equation that achieves the maximization of total return of crop patterns in the region.

The solutions the mathematical models give revealed that there are many valuable results and important indicators.

The findings of the model analysis are congruent with the specific geographical nature of the Makkah AL-mokaramah region with regards to the limited available agricultural resources, especially agricultural lands.

For the model, it is noteworthy to mention that in addition to the achievement of its objectives in terms of increases in total revenues for vegetable, fruit, and fodder groups, these groups are compatible with the nature of the farming system in the region that is characteristic with small holdings.

Furthermore, these crop groups have fast returns due to the accessibility and proximity to commercial markets.

While the model suggests a decrease cereal crops group area and in turn a decrease in total revenues of the group in the Makkah AL-mokaramah region.

The model findings are in line with social goals of the state that concentrates on the stability of inhabitation and settlement of farmers in agricultural areas to limit internal migration to main urban areas and cities, hence achieving the social goals of the Kingdom.