النتعدي و اللازم في أفعال الله -تعالى- بين المفهوم العقدي، و المفهوم النحوي

الملخص EN

This research explores the meanings of the terms “transitive” and “intransitive” in relation to Allah’s acts, and if Shari’ah specialists and grammarians agree on the meanings, with special reference to the views of Ibn-Taymiyah and Ibn-Alqayyim.

The research follows both inductive and deductive approaches.The research has reached significant findings.

On the one hand, Ibn-Taymiyah and Ibn- Alqayyim’s understanding of “transitive” verbs in relation to Allah’s acts is limited in comparison with that of grammarians; these define a verb as “transitive” if its effect passes on by itself, without a preposition, to the “object”.

So, the verb can be transitive grammatically, but not so in relation to Allah’s acts.

The term “transitive” in relation to Allah’s acts refers to what Allah does and its effect passes on to His creatures, such as the verbs expressing acts of “khalq” (creation), “ihsān” (charity/doing things well), “ihyā’a” (giving life) and “imātah” (terminating life).

When Allah acts, but His act is not passed on to His creatures, the related verb is defined as “intransitive” even if it is grammatically defined as “transitive” – e.g.

the Arabic verbs “jā’a” and “atā”.

On the other hand, Ibn-Taymiyah and Ibn-Alqayyim’s understanding of “intransitive” is broader than that of grammarians – defined as that whose effect does not pass on to the “object” without a preposition; it may accommodate some “transitive” verbs.

Thus, what is intransitive for both scholars is intransitive for grammarians, as in the Arabic verbs “nazala” and “istawā”, and it can be transitive as in the Arabic verbs “jā’a” and “atā”.

The two scholars consider a verb to be “intransitive” if its effect does not pass on from Allah to His creatures.

The research recommends that Shari’ah terms be independent of corresponding terms in other disciplines till serious efforts are made to scrutinize related meanings so that confusion and misunderstanding can be avoided.