دور مشاريع التشجير في الحد من ظاهرة الجزر الحرارية في مدينة مكة المكرمة : دراسة تحليلية باستخدام تقنية الاستشعار عن بعد و نظم المعلومات الجغرافية

الملخص EN

The reforestation projects are among the main elements of land use in the city of Makkah for their effective role in addressing and reducing the number of problems associated with urban growth.

The heat island phenomenon is one of these problems .

The city of Makkah suffers most from this phenomenon, and here the question arises about the role of the projects of reforestation in the city of Makkah in reducing heat island phenomenon.

Answering this question requires formulation of several objectives and the classification of land uses in the city of Makkah.

It also requires calculation of the expense of green space in the winter and summer, and to identify patterns and sizes of heat island in the two seasons.

In order to examine the role of reforestation projects in alleviating the heat island in the city of Makkah, the study has used remote sensing and geographic information systems.

The results are summarized in the following points: the greater part of land is mainly used for housing in the city of Makkah, followed by empty spaces and then rocky mountainous areas.

Green spaces form about (58.51) of the total area of the city .It is found that heat islands in the city of Makkah have formed different patterns including cool thermal Islands , moderate thermal Islands, relatively moderate thermal islands , warm thermal Islands, hot thermal Islands, very warm thermal Islands, intense heat thermal Islands, and the moderate heat thermal islands.

The temperate types were found to be the most common throughout the city of Makkah in winter, and that the warm thermal island is the type that dominates most parts of the holy city of Makkah in the summer,.

It is revealed that the reforestation projects role is very limited in alleviating the heat island in summer and winter.

It is also found that there are areas in the Holy City that have been ranked in terms of risk to danger at the level of 30%,others are classified as medium-risk areas at the level of 20%,and high-risk areas at the level of 22%.Ideed, all these areas need plantation…