توظيف الطريقة الاستدلالية الحديثة في استكشاف الجوانب الخفية في المعضلات الأخلاقية الهندسة

الملخص EN

Engineering ethical dilemmas emerge as problems that are hard to solve, not due to a deficiency in knowledge of moral rules and principles that are to be referred to, but to other reasons including vagueness, conflict of interest and differences in opinions regarding priorities.

This paper proposes utilizing logic deduction in the exploration of hidden aspects in dilemmas, which might lead to their resolution.

The paper presents a powerful method for deduction in propositional logic, called the Modern Syllogistic Method.

The method ferrets out from a given set of premises all that can be concluded from it in the most compact form.

The method casts the set of premises into a single switching function equated to zero and obtains the complete sum of this function as a disjunction of all prime consequents.

The complete sum is derived via an efficient method, namely, the improved Blake-Tison algorithm.

An incremental version of the MSM augments the original set of premises by new ones, and seeks the updated consequences incrementally, i.e., without having to recalculate the complete sum from scratch.

We employ this method in the investigation of different scenarios or premises describing a specific ethical dilemma from a variety of perspectives.

Comparison of the consequences of these scenarios helps in deriving acceptable solutions of various dilemmas, including the dilemma of having to pay a bribe to obtain one's own rights, the dilemma of human consumption of genetically-modified foods, and the dilemma of discarding a whole lot of food when only a part of it becomes filthy or unhealthy.

The work presented herein is a preliminary step towards implementing a software package that offers assistance in the resolution of ethical dilemmas.

The package will use premises that are compatible with the fundamentals and rules of Islamic jurisprudence formulated in deterministic, fuzzy, or intuitionistic fuzzy logic.