أثر الإيرادات النفطية في تنمية الاقتصاد العراقي

الملخص EN

Abstract Iraq is exceptionally rich in oil but its economy suffers from severe structural weaknesses, Iraq's oil reserves fixed, which amounted to about 143 billion barrel, are among the highest globally, which constitutes the third-largest reserves of traditional oil in the world after Saudi Arabia and Iran, and oil extraction costs are characterized by being very low, and the increase in production to since 2003, contributed to the rise in per capita GDP from $ 1,300 in 2004 to $ 6,300 in 2013, Iraq as is well known need to rebuild the infrastructure construction and reconstruction of what was destroyed by wars, and revive the productive sectors (such as industry, agriculture and services) as well as the aging of many industrial projects, which need to rebuild and modernize, at the same time the Iraqi economy suffers from a large gap between revenue and expenses, and insufficient savings to bridge the gap between the investment needed, Iraq had no other choice if it wanted to develop all sectors (production and service) but to resort to foreign investment to secure the minimum reconstruction resources needed, as orientating part of the oil surpluses of sectors (industrial, agricultural and service) is deemed an urgent need with the strategic and clearly defined dimensions, as a result of the importance of these sectors and the wealth of goods they often provide for domestic consumption, the oil export revenues willremain the main source of financing for development in the sectors of Iraq's economy for the foreseeable future in order to reduce dependence on oil and it increase day after day.

Iraq's prosperity depends on energy sector as well as having wide possibilities to achieve new discoveries, these resources can support social and economic development in Iraq, and in mid-2012 its oil production reached (3) million barrels were (2.4) million barrels of it have been exported, and in the 2011 oil revenues amounted to almost 95% of government revenue, and was equivalent to more than 70% of gross domestic product in Iraq, these figures are so high even with the standards of other countries of rich resources in the Middle East, the improvement of stability in Iraq, and the base of its massive resources, and conclude contracts through (contracts rounds and petroleum licenses) with international companies to develop major fields in the country, as well as resorting to the ways and means for the advancement of the sector oil for leading its effective role for the conduct of the economic development process of all its sectors and the final result shall be for the welfare of the Iraqi people to be at least more than the average, all this provides the basis for a rapid increase in the production of oil in the coming years, Iraq shall need to overcomes a range of challenges related to the investment in infrastructure, institutional reform, legal framework for the oil sector, the promotion of human capacity and consolidate the political and security stability, and account for a revenue from exports, the lion's share of the national wealth ..