رصد تغيرات استخدامات الأراضي في وسط المدينة المنورة في الفترة بين هجرة الرسول حتى عام 1453 هجرية : دراسة جغرافية

الملخص EN

Medina is one of the ancient historical cities in the Arab Peninsula.

Yathrib was the mother of the city’s villages.

it is located between the eastern and the western channel.

It was founded by Yathrib, one of the descendants of Prophet Noah (PBUH), and used to be named after him until the migration of Prophet Mohamed (PBUH) who changed its name to “Medina” which later became known as “Al-Madinah Al- Munawarah”.

In antiquity, the city used to be a station for trading caravans between Syria to the north and Yemen to the south, where local products, especially dates, used to be exchanged with other goods.

Unlike other old cities, Medina did not have a wall that surrounded its built or urban blocks.

This is perhaps due to the fact that ancient Medina was not a nuclear city but had its building blocks distributed in the form of fortified buildings that used to be called ‘Atams’.

These buildings were inhabited by a group of people who were separated from each other by farms and orchards of which the city was famous during that era.

The people of Medina used these Atams and forts instead of fences to protect the city and keep it secure.

After Prophet Mohamed’s Mosquebuilding in the 1st year of Migration, the urbanization pattern in Medina started to change.

Features of new urban planning started to appear when buffer zones, that used to separate building blocks, started to disappear gradually and be replaced by new urban surfaces.

The city’s growth started from its center – where the Prophet’s Mosque and his houses are located – and an urban block which represented the heart of Medina and its urban center started to appear.

Medina remained the capital of the Islamic state during the Prophet's era, until the transition to Kufa during the succession of Ali ibn AbiTalib.

This led to a very rapid growth, and the number of population in that period jumped to nearly thirty thousand people.

During the centuries that followed the era of the Prophecy, Medina lost its political relevance as the capital of the Islamic State, which had a negative impact on its urban growth.

The city’s main attraction thus became the religious significance of its Holy Mosque and the tomb of the Prophet (PBUH).

This new situation led to a gathering of urban nuclei, and the building of an external four-gate brick wall around it in 263 AH.

The fence was rebuilt in 372 AH with stones.

With the growth of the city, its urban mass exceeded its outer wall, which made it necessary to build a new wall in 558 AH surrounding the old wall and the urban gatherings held outside it.

The two walls remained surrounding Medina until the end of the thirteenth century and the beginning of the fourth century AH, when the establishment of the Ottoman railway resulted in an urban renaissance in the city and the population increased to eighty thousand people.

In the early fourth century AH and the establishment of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Medina witnessed a large urban renaissance, culminating in the eighties of the previous century, where there was a big jump in its urban and demographic mass, as a radical change in its urban planning started to take place.

Two major urban plans were put into place in 1391 and 1398.

The city took its current form since then, including the actual form of residential neighborhoods and modern schemes.

The central region was also determined, especially after King Fahd’s expansion of the Prophet's Mosque and its surrounding area