علمنة الأخلاق و ظهور مجال الضمير : مقارنة بين السياقين الغربي و العربي

الملخص EN

This study highlights the differences between ancient and modern theories of ethics.

The first difference is that modern theories of ethics are based on rules of conduct that govern individual behavior in opposition to ancient morality, according to which virtue it is an inclination to do good, and happiness is the ultimate end.

The second difference is that modern ethics assume that human beings can be guided by reason, and that their conscience, in its capacity as an inner deterrent, allows them to know their moral duties and control their conduct.

Such development in the field of Western modern moral theories has led to the secularization of values and norms of moral action in the West.

By contrast, Arab and Islamic ethical thought has not moved in this direction, failing to embody the notion of individual autonomy and the recognition of the principle of freedom of moral conscience.