تقييم مناهج الارتقاء بالمناطق العشوائية في الدول النامية مع ذكر خاص لحالة مصر

الملخص EN

This study reviews different informal settlement upgrading approaches.

The study argues that associating informal settlement upgrading with site and services schemes as a twin approaches positioned upgrading realm within a development model that has its special characteristics and constraints, a situation that led to conceptual split between western oriented and locally supported upgrading initiatives.

The study intends to investigate the theoretical bases behind different upgrading approaches with the objective of suggesting a comprehensive approach that can help improve living conditions for the inhabitants of informal settlements in developing countries.

The study reviews related literatures and case studies emphasizing the achieved outcomes.

It can be said that most successful and well documented experiences are found in Latin America and Indian subcontinent countries, even though each country has its own vision which reflects various approaches to upgrading, since Indian subcontinent countries relies mainly on the applications of community participation, whereas Latin American countries rely on remote sensing, aerial photography and geographical information system (GIS) which utilize technology to create a comprehensive upgrading based upon land regularization.

During the last three decades, Egypt, like many developing countries, experienced different upgrading initiatives in locations varied from Helwan and Mansheyt Nasser (Cairo), to El-Nasryah (Aswan) and El-Hekr (Ismailia) ; each of them had its ideology and mechanisms.

Such differences are due to the different political, economic and social frameworks accompanying each project.

The review of upgrading schemes reveals the prevalence of three upgrading approaches : a.

the incremental improvement model of physical infrastructure provision, b.

the community participation based planning model, c.

community planning and physical improvement through a holistic master plan.

These three approaches are critically reviewed, and their strengths and weaknesses are identified.

It was concluded that none of the above mentioned approaches could alone deal effectively with upgrading informal settlements, and that a sustainable approach is still needed.