متنزهات بلاد فارس في القرن الخامس الهجري

الملخص EN

This research studiesPersian parksduring the fifth century AH when three Muslim countries were fightingone another to rule overPersia: the Seljuk Empire, theGhaznavid Empire in the East, and the Buyid State in the West until the whole state was controlled by the Seljuk Empire in 454 AH.

These parks were veryvaried andthe most important among them were markets.

They were adorned on holidays and special occasions andthecaliphs' messengers were received there.Gardens and orchards came next in importance since Persia, at that time, was known for its most beautiful parks and gardens in the world.

It had sha`bBavan, Shidan meadow and Hamadan towns.

Then, the squares which received special care from the rulers as they housed horse racing and wrestling.

Winners were awarded valuable prizes.

In addition, the squares were used for the defamation of arrested people.

Walkingin the desert and hunting were among the favored activitiesof the Persians and their sultans.

Finally, Persia was characterized by having many beaches and rivers which were considered the most important destinations for walks, such asZarandoz River.

Because beaches and rivers were so beautiful, the Persian people held some of their occasions and festivals there.