دراسة استبيانية و كيموحيوية لانخفاض انتاجية نخيل التمر (Phoenix dactylifera L. )‎ في محافظة البصرة

الملخص EN

This study was conducted in the Basra province during the growing season 2014-2015, three locations were chosen for the date palm orchards (North , Center and South of Basra),every location include ten areas for each location and ten date palms orchards selected for each area.

a questionnaire was distributed on the owners of orchards .

this investigation for study some physical and chemical properties of the soil and irrigation water of the three locations, was also estimated the level of macro elements (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) and trace (calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron and zinc) in the soil and date palm leaves.

declining in the productivity of date palm each of following parameters were analyses .an addition to the evaluation of the infestation by Batrachedra amydraula Merck and dust mite effect on the defoliation of fruits ,leaves content for total chlorophyll, total carbohydrates as well as protein.

The results elucidated that the level of soil salinity and irrigation water has reached the highest averages and caused a significant declining in the productivity .the questionnaire analysis revealed the increases in the total number of none productivity trees meanwhile ,its noteworthy that must of productive ones were alxue-age overage which reached over 20 years ,as well as a significant reduction in the average number of date palm trees in each donum.

An increase in the labour cost was evident from the questionnaire, en lighting a decrease of professional workers ,and the absence of governmental supporting for date palm growers .further more majority of farmer did not pay any attention for date palm cultural services .

All of examined orchards showed an infestation by both Batrachedra amydraula Merck and dust mite with a percent of infestation and intensity 48 % and 30 % for Batrachedra amydraula Merck ,respectively ,and 28% and 36% for dust mite respectively.

A high percent of fruits drop was observed and reached 36.6%in the weak date palm trees while was 16.8 % in strong date palm trees.

Finally the mineral content in date palm soil revealed that both concentration macro and micro nutrients were low around the weak date palm trees in contrast with strong ones, also the total chlorophyll , carbohydrates and proteins levels were low in weak date palm trees compared to strong ones which could be the reason behind the declining I date palm productivity at Basrah city.