المكافحة الإحيائية لمرض التعفن التاجي في القمح المتسبب عن Fusarium graminearum في العراق

الملخص EN

The activity of biological agents and Raxil against F.

graminearum in PDA showed that Trichoderma viride and Penicillium polonicum with antagonistic degree of 2 according to Bell scale.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces marxianus with the pathogen using dual and poisoning culture technique showed antagonistic percentage 20, 25.71 and 71.48, 70.55% respectively.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Azosperiilium brasilense showed 41.90, 67.46 and 14.28, 76.48 and 8.57, 66.85% by using both dual and poisoning culture technique respectively.

Disease incidence, disease severity, disease aggressiveness of F.

graminearum and F.

pseudograminearum were found to be 0.856, 100% and 5.67 respectively.

The ability of F.

graminearum and F.

pseudograminearum to produce DON toxin on wheat-infected seedlings under greenhouse conditions was determined value and found between 0.002-0.807 μg/g.

Biological control agents, S.

cerevisiae, K.

marxianus, P.

aeruginosa and Raxil, significantly reduced disease severity, 0.002, 0.002, 0.003 and 0.001, disease incidence, 20, 20, 20 and 23.33%, pathogen aggressiveness, 0.05, 0.05, 0.05 and 0.02 compared with 0.011, 55% and 0.28 respectively under wood canopy.

Biological control agents and Raxil caused a significant reduction in disease severity, disease incidence and aggressiveness index compared with pathogen treatment under field conditions.

Raxil and T.

viride caused the highest reduction in disease severity, 0.002 and 0.004 respectively, without significant different in disease incidence and aggressiveness index.

Raxil caused the highest reduction in DON toxin production 0.036 μg/g without significant different with A.