التطورات الداخلية في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية (1942-1945)‎

الملخص EN

After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the destruction of the American Fleet there in December 7, 1941, the United states entered world war II.

The success at Home was the Key to success in the battlefields abroad, so the Us government tended to move the economy in Full transition From peacetime to a state of war.

In this context, President Roosevelt Created the Production Management Office and place it under the Presidency of Donald Nelson, this Office Organize war Production, and managed a great success in making Sure the Production of goods.

Beside that military mobilization Office had been established, which had settled all the sources of Problems of wealth distribution.

The United states had accurately Organized armament Policy, so it could meet the Increasing requirements of war, and the major Institutions was responsible for The material expansion of production.

The governmental Organizations also tended to restrict the display of products, and introduced the quota system which included even meat, sugar, butter, canned goods and Coffee, as well as Fuel material.

Furthermore, Congress Passed the law of price controls, and the United states funded 45% of the cost of the war through taxes.

During the war industries, employers and workers agreed to ban strikes and lockouts, and that all issues be resolved peace Fully.

In spite of the Occurrence of a number of informal strikes Cespecially by the miners, Led by their leader John Lewis, Which provoked the Congress to implement Smith Connally Act, the Law which stipulate the imposition of fines on each who calls for a strike ) , the war years were a Period in which industrial harmony achieved in a rarely way and the proportion of demonstrations decreased for less than one – third.

By recruited nearly 25 million people in army, the number of unemployed fell greatly, and a lot went for jobs in industrial business, and this development returned in beneficial to many Families, for millions of women as well as minors engaged in economical activities.

The increase in industrial Production accompanied increase in agricultural Production, in addition the military production had achieved tremendous success and a steady increase, and during the years of the war the American science and technology had evolued.

All Americans in Various races and ethnicities Participated in the war, however, while the rebound of wartime provided solutions to many Problems, it is creating a lot of them too, and the most important of which extended to Americans of Janpanese descent living on the West Coast, especially in California, when the military authorities in the state obtained permission to expel (112) thousand people of them from their homes and properties and transferred them to federal concentration camps.

War also showed the problem of difficult access to technical expertise , and the education affected when teachers went to battlefronts.

Americans have Faced difficulties in finding Places to live, for the extension of Old Factories in their previous places, the establishment of many new Factories in rural areas, and that resulted in migration of millions of Americans to new Places, gathered the Population in Older homes and crowded in temporary housing , the Population Pressure throw burden on transportation, Schools, water resources, electricity and telephone networks.

War has Created domestic problems as a result of the absence of parents and adults who joining armed forces and military Factories, Leading millions of children to be left without supervision, which resulted in records of alarge increase in juvenile crime.