دور المرأة في التنمية بواحة سيوة بمصر

الملخص EN

This study aimed to identify of the status of women role in the development of Siwa Oasis, and the most important social and economic variables that affect this development, as well.

These variables are resembled in decision making process within the family, children bringing up, poultry raising, food technology and preservation, handcrafts, local manufacturing handcrafts, environment protection, education status of women, awareness level in public health and surrounding culture.

To achieve these objectives, a field study was carried out in Siwa Oasis.

Random balanced samples were drawn from the study population to represent household wives in the Oasis.

Total sample size reached 200 wives.

A questionnaire was built up for this study and the data was collected based on personal interviews with the participating women.

The questionnaire encompassed questions pertaining to the role of women in development, which resembled the dependent variable.

It also depicted other questions referring to the other independent variables.

Data collection from the study population lasted for four months; from December 2004 to March 2005.

Appropriate statistical tools and techniques were recruited corresponding to the nature of the obtained data to analyze them, and formulate the most possible conclusions.

These tools started with descriptive statistical analysis, Chi-square, step-wise regression models, and encompassed correlation coefficients.

Using step-wise regression models aided the verification of the most important factors affecting women's roles in the development of Siwa Oasis.

Three factors proved to be the most important to affect the decision making procedure within the family.

Together, they explain 76.7% from of the total variability observed in the dependent variable of decision making.

There are also three independent variables that significantly affect the role of the women in children binging up.

They together explain 20.1% from of the total variability observed in the dependent variable of children bringing up.

However, four independent variables significantly contributed to the variability of the role of women in raising domestic birds, and explained 22.1% from the total variance.

Four other factors significantly affected the role of women in food manufacturing and preservation for 19.6% from the variance.

Also, other four variables affected the role of women in local hand crafts for 19.9% from the variance, while other three variables affected women's role in environmental protection for 84.9% from the total variance.

Regarding the status of women's awareness with public health and environment, four variables were prominent in affecting it for 87.9% from the total variance.

Studied variables could be arranged according to their relative importance in affecting the role of women in the development and their repletion among respondents.

The factor of frequency of visiting youth centers came first, and was followed by that pertaining to the level of education.

Then comes the size of livestock ownership, degree of cultural openness to the outside world, type of home facilities and modern equipment, duration of marriage success, property of agricultural lands, and finally comes the factor of suitability of the house to good health and better environment.