A discoursal analysis of ‘grammatical shift’ in Najeeb Mahfouz's novel 'The Thief and Dogs"

الملخص EN

means of expression that have distinguished Arabic from all other languages.

It means the shift of speech from the normal direction it has to follow to another as required to attain certain rhetorical purposes.

In the present study, ‘grammatical shift’ involves three types of important shifts: shifts in personal pronouns, verb tenses and discourse.