الفلسفة السياسية عند توماس الأكويني : دراسة تحليلية

الملخص EN

The middle age Christian thought was characterized by the separation between the Emperor’s temporal power and the Pope’s divine authority.

When it emerged, Christianity viewed the Greek philosophy with distrust and suspicions.

This stance on the ancient philosophy, however, would not last as the Church found itself to be increasingly in need of philosophical ideas (bases) in order to defend its own existence in the face of its opponents.

Hence, Christian thinkers begun to rely on the ideas of Greek philosophers, such as Plato and Aristotle, in order to prove their thoughts that were based on the existence of God.

As a result, the writings of Aristotle were accepted and became the corner stone of the Roman-Catholic philosophy.This was carried out by teachers from the groups of monks,particularly by Saint Thomas Aquinas.

Viewed from a philosophical point of view,Thomas’s thoughts are but Aristotelian faith amended through reasoning.

According to Thomas Aquinas’s philosophy on reason and faith, it is possible to have compatibility and consistency between reason and scientific method as well as between religion and faith.

As for his philosophy on the state, the system of government, and societies, Aquinas argued that states and societies preceded the individual.

Furthermore, he proposed that humans, by the rule of nature, tend to live in a broader unity than the family and under a common rule.