تأثير الفطور في القدرة الإنباتية لبذور القمح المعَدة للزراعة في الأردن

الملخص EN

This study aimed to investigate the factors which affect the quality and viability of wheat seeds stored by farmers and in Governmental stores for planting purposes, to understand the reasons for low wheat production in Jordan.

Different wheat seed samples were collected during two years from classical wheat farmers and from governmental wheat stores stored in Jordan to sell them to farmers as healthy and clean seeds for planting purposes.

Morphological characters of wheat seed samples were studied and any contaminants from fungal propagules by direct plating as well as any other debris or inert material were counted.

Also purity of wheat samples, rate of germination and seed health percentages were evaluated by using rules established by ISTA.

Potato dextrose agar medium was used to isolate fungal contaminants from internal seed parts as well as from seed coat.

The most important fungi isolated were Fusarium moniliforme, Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium spp.

with different infection levels.

The highest percentages of fungal isolations were found in samples collected from South Jordan due to their storage for long period under improper storage conditions.

The lowest values were found in samples collected from governmental stores due to the best storage conditions.

Infection of wheat seeds with Rhizopus and Penicillium was high and ranged from 90 to 100% for both seed coat and seed tissue, respectively.

The infection with both fungi decreased the percentage of seed germination from 5 to 80% according to the severity of infection.

Infection of wheat seed coat with (100%) Rhizopus decreased percentage of seed germination by 55% and seed vigor by 60%, respectively.

This was clear in the following samples: 35, 86, 108, 109, 110, 116, for Horani, Baladi and Dairalla cultivars.

Seeds infected with Fusarium spp.

were lower in percentage of seed germination and seed vigor where seed coat infection ranged from 5 to 70% and seed tissue ranged from 5 to 55%.

This infection caused a reduction in the percentage of seed germination for samples No.

83 from Ramtha and 116 from Maru to be 75 and 65%, respectively.

Lowering moisture content of wheat seeds and storing them under dry conditions will increase the durability of wheat seeds and improve vigor of seeds.

Exclusion of foreign bodies and inert materials as well as broken or damaged wheat seeds before storage of wheat seeds will improve seed quality and yield.