قضايا في إحكام النظم القرآني

الملخص EN

Precision of nazhm is a methodological foundation in the study of the rhetoricof the Holy Quran.

In light of this, the research tackles five issues:(1) the impact of the overall context in analyzing the Quranicnazhm,(2) studying the proportionalityof the Quranic nazhmaccording to the revelationorder of the Surah,(3)the allegation that there are gaps in the Quranic text, (4) the position of the name of the Surah in the Quranic nazhm, and (5) the differentiation of rhetoricin the Quranic nazhm.

The conclusions reached by the researcher after authentication, discussion, and critical assessment, includethe following:1)Studies of proportionality have shown real maturity in the overall(textual) approach tonazhmof any Surah.This approachhas includedall parts of these studies in the light of the discourse objectivesand context of nazhm.

These studies are considered precedenceinmodern text studies in theory and application.2)The application of some criteria from modern text studiestothe Holy Quran, incurs methodological problems arising fromthe specificityand sacredness of the Quranic nazhm, as in the casesofacceptability and intertextuality, for instance.3)The unity of the Quranic nazhmand the interrelation of its various partsnecessitate and implicate that the analysis of its expression and the orientationof its methods must be in accordance with the entirecontext and overall nazhmof the part and the Surah.

It is not adequateto investigate an excerpt of nazhm only,without considering the entire context.4) Important as it is, the linguistic (textual) context is not enough foranalyzing the rhetoricof the Quranic nazhmand demonstrating its meaning,becausethere are other worthy aspectssuch as Hadith,reasons and circumstances ofthe revelation of the Quranic verses (Asbaab al-nuzool), and the consensus of previous knowledgeable commentators.5)The reorganization of the verses or Surahs of the Holy Quran according to their sequence of revelation repeals the view of proportionality and lexical or semantic coherence among the verses of the Holy Quran, as well as its Surahs.6) Besides, applying the “textualgaps” proposition to the Quranic nazhmas used in thereception and deconstruction theory repeals its precision,meanings, and purposes.

This isbecause in this sense, the Quranic text is fragmented, incoherent, incohesive, and incomplete, and the reader has to fill in the gaps in order to repair and complete its nazhmand make it precise.7)Names of the Surahsare not part of the Holy Quran, thereforethe rhetorician should not focus on the analysis of the name of the Surah taking it to be a lexical item of the Quran or part of the structure of the Surah and its nazhm.

Meanwhile, the study of Surah names independent of the nazhmof the Surah and analysis of its structure and meaninghas its own merit, but it should not be consideredas a study of the structure of the Quranic nazhm.8)Lastly, if rhetoricis based ontaking into account conditions and circumstances, and if rhetotric among people is compared and attributed to shortcomings in their realization of these circumstances, then this comparison does not apply to rhetoric in the Holy Quran, because Allah the Almighty is All-Knowing and All-Aware, and His wordsare absolutely adequate to meet all circumstancial purposes.

The researcher recommends the following: 1)Scholars should practice cautiontowards rapidly applying modern textualapproachesto Quranic nazhm,because these approaches contain methodological problems that are inconsistent with the specialty and sanctity of Quranic nazhm.2)They should evaluate the modern textual studies thathave applied their methodologytothe Quranic nazhmin order to criticize them, explain their problems, and consider what the rhetoricalapproach could benefit from the techniques of these studies.3) Finally, it is recommended to conduct further comprehensive studies in order to develop the rhetorical approachtothe overall (textual) study of the Quranic Surah in its entiretybenefiting from the vast and insightful achievements of proportionality studies as well as the techniques of modern text studies which are not in contradiction with the Quranic nazhm.

Praise be to Allah the Almighty