تحديد الزوال الشرعي و أول وقت الظهر

الملخص EN

IIn this study I addressed the issue of the exact start of noontime, the forensic noontime as the latter differs from the astronomical noontime; which is in the middle of the path of the sun exactly.

Noon prayer begins after the forensic noontime which starts around a quarter after the astronomic noontime.

Nowadays, Muslim countries depend on these astronomy centers which determine the astronomy noontime and not the legal one.

As a result, prayer at this time is considered an antecedent prayer.

This has been an issue since a long time ago and today is brought back again.

This study is relied on the religious texts which explain the prayer time.

It shows that the predecessors delayed the noon prayer after the astronomical noontime.

I backed up this claim with texts which referred to the first legal time of noon prayer.

I have found the text which determined the first noon prayer time after the sun’s demise from the sky liver until the human shadow grows as big as his slippers strap.

Then I searched for the meaning of the word strap in the language and jurisprudence, where I learned that the meaning of the strap is the estimated width of a human foot, which is equal to the approximate part of the fifteen or part of sixteen part of his stature, and this made it possible to know the amount of the angle at which the sun tended the astronomical noontime which is as much as four degrees, and I got to know the course of the sun and the speed of which it moves one degree in four minutes.

It was possible to determine the time by the hour, which is about a quarter of an hour in a moderate time and about twenty minutes in the summer.

This research has revealed a serious problem in the Muslim world regarding the exact time of noon prayer.

It invites scientists and experts to reconsider the issue and correct the prayer time otherwise millions of Muslims will pray before the right time.