مفهوم السلطة السياسية في المجتمعات القديمة و الحديثة : دراسة تحليلية

الملخص EN

The authority concept has many meaning from the oldest centuries until now theoretical and practical, it has relation with religious political and material concepts according to that the majority thinkers emphasize on the importance of the connect use of the definitions during its history.

Accordingly, I suggest to analyze the meaning of the authority as political concept in its historical origin because this can show us the meaning and the changes of this concept so each century has its concepts for each special things.

The authority in middle East related to cosmos doctrine, in which the leader or the king seen as God charged to manage the matters of cosmos, this thought doesn’t differentiate between Time authority and God authority, so cosmos seen as the great country which is protected by God’s hands, but this concept of authority in Greek society will put a borderline between it and the Godless thought, If it tries to base the principles of mind and philosophy to build the city system in which ethics will blend in politics , in the other hand the authority in Roman society has been attached with the idea of legislation and establishment and trying to make it a sacred memory and everlasting along History, However the medieval era has returned the authority to the embrace of religion in which the church becomes the official support of state affairs and people, but this period wasn’t so long in front of the news that the modernity has brought, in the way that authority becomes open in many concepts as Freedom, Equality, justice, all of them attempt to create more democratic political systems.