النزاع بين مصالح البترول البريطانية والأمريكية في الشرق الأوسط 1337-1357 ه 1919-1939 م

الملخص EN

Interest in Middle East oil is increasing at the beginning of the fourth century AH / twentieth century since the signing of the first oil deal in Iran with British companies in 1318 AH / 1901, and in1912 the Turkish British petroleum company was founded (T.P.C).

After the end of world war I in 1336 AH 1918 / defeat of the Ottoman Empire, Britain and France shared the areas that were subject to the Ottoman state, and according to the agreement, "Sykes–Beko Sykys-Picot" secret between them in 1334 AH / 1916.

The spark that ignited the fire of petroleum conflict between America and Britain in the Middle East are in agreement (San Remo San Remo 1338 AH / 1920 AD) under which monopolized Britain, Iraq's oil, which it invaded and placed under the British mandate; because they have made concessions to search for oil in Iraq monopolized by Britain France, under the pretext of non-participation of America in the war against the Ottoman Empire But America responded that it had provided the necessary assistance during the war, giving them the right to share the spoils.

Not content with this, so he drew strategy, and proceeded to compete with Britain, and their disputes in exclusivity with oil from the region, keen to own force, for fear of depletion of its oil, and called for the application of open-door policy (Open Door Policy) taken as a pretext diplomat continued to put pressure on Britain; resulting in US companies owning ratio (23.75%) of the shares of the Turkish British Petroleum company (TPC) in controlling Iraq's oil the second world war (1358-1365 AH / 1939-1945 AD) ended their dispute; preoccupied with Britain's war, and for American companies to other petroleum concessions in Bahrain and Saudi Arabia, and enable them in the same year from the export of oil in large quantities from the Saudi fields; resulting in increased link the Middle East, the US defense and national security issues, and the status of America in international politics.