تطور التعليم في اليابان (1853-1868)‎

الملخص EN

China accounted for the defeat against Britain in the Opium War I (1839-1842), an historic turning point no matter how I feel Japan alarming, because it enjoyed the status of a civilized China from the Japanese.

And he positively Japanese deal with US demands to open the country and the holding of international treaties, and at the same time, the government called for the need to uncover the secrets of the western modern science, with the opening of institutes and Western schools, and the translation of books and foreign publications, and headed the culture of learning from the Dutch studies to their American counterparts, because the danger was not Dutch but an American.

It represented different educational streams, whether public or private, important and essential phenomenon has spread during the reign of Tokugawa family among the families of the samurai ruling, and produced large numbers of potential influencing of trendsetting leaders of the families of the samurai, who are able to manage government institutions and its leadership, which form of motivation for a number of Japanese young people, who are interested in science and knowledge, to travel to Western European countries, to see the mysteries of modern science in defiance of the national decrees isolation of their country.

And it contributed to the student missions in the development of the real foundations of the renovation at the end of the era of the Tokugawa (1603- 1868), who became an important base of the big renovation in the era of Meiji (1868-1912), as many of them names assumed different tasks at the time, what proved bilateral "change and continuity" in the Japanese update experience, particularly in the educational field.