نظم تخطيط مساجد السلاجقة في إيران و الأناضول

الملخص EN

The Seljuks made considerable changes to the traditional hypostyle mosque.

In Iran, the development of the Iwan-based planning system revolutionized the form and functions of the mosque.

The first notion of using Iwan was unveiled by the excavations made in the areas that were dominated by Seljuk Dynasty.

Initially, the Seljuk opted using a single Iwan in the Qibla side, we may attributed this inclination to their desire to highlight the importance of this side.

Here the Iwan was very simple and small in size.

I have referred to the excavation made by Andre Godard in Bamyan, Afghanistan wherein mosques bore this System were unveiled and I referred to them therein as examples.

Later on the use of Iwan developed to a more expanded manifestation.

The excavation unveiled number of mosques within Khurasan Region, Iran, where two Iwans were used.

This was not limited to eastern Iran exclusively, as we have noticed that in Faris province , the excavation made in Neyriz unveiled the use of same System in its mosque planning and that prove the expansion of System Gradually, the use of Iwan developed to shape up the Four Iwan Planning System which examples are reflected in the mosques of Isfahan, Golpayegan, Qazvin, Ardestan, and Zavareh.

Another system of planning introduced, the Closed Mosques, wherein the open courtyard is absent, and if exists, it is separated from the sanctuary.

Additionally, limiting the spaces of the mosques to harmonize the requirements that are compatible with the climate circumstances in this geographical spot.

Examples were taken from the mosques of Alaeddin in Konya, Erzrum, Kayseri and Divrigi in Turkey.