بواكير الحركة الوطنية التركية (1918-1920)‎

الملخص EN

The early history of the Turkish resistance that had been organized by local dignitaries and regular officers of the army, with greater reliance on local armed gangs, have been blocked later by two interconnected tendencies of the official history.

One tendency aims to glorify the resistance movement as smooth and uniformed, tied inexorably with national Turkish spirit, the opinion which undermines the crucial role played in early time by isolated local forces and defense organizations to mobilize resistance.

The second is the tendency to give Mustafa Kemal basis role, if not exclusive, of the achievements of the resistance.

While Mustafa Kemal led a pivotal role in strengthening the movement starting from the summer of 1919, while some local groups have become active once the fighting ended in World War I, and formed the basis of the consolidated action against the Entente Powers ambitions on the territory of Anatolia in subsequent years.

This is what we try to highlight in the pages of this research