الشروط الجعلية في القروض في الفقه الإسلامي : دراسة فقهية مقارنة

الملخص EN

This research includes many important doctrinal partial issues, which belongs within the arrangement of the relationship between lender and borrower, where one or both of the contractors stipulate some conditions of the contract, These conditions are called " Aldjaalia conditions ".

The loan is a contract of approximation, the origin of the loan is the borrower's benefit, and co-operation on the righteousness and piety is the lawful basis.

Scholars have decided that any condition that makes the contract separable from its content is unacceptable, and that some conditions can also make the contract illegal.

Sometimes one of the contractors may refuse to fulfill the contract without conditions which cause the benefit for one of them or both, but if these conditions are true, the contract will be right, and if the conditions are wrong, the contract will be illegal.

If the conditions are concealed, the contract will be right.

The important conditions include the following:  Sometimes the person rejects to lend if there is no fixed period for repayment of the loan, because the fixed period gives the lender a trust, and at the same time it gives the borrower a trust, where the lender cannot demand his loan before a limited time.

However, scholars have disagreed in this case, as most of them forbid the fixed period, but according to Al Malikia, the fixed period is allowed.

 Sometimes the lender stipulates that the borrower must repay the loan in other country for a benefit for him, and in this the scholars distinguish between two cases: First: the lender has a benefit in this condition , and the repayment in another country (like Maunaa) , in this case the condition is not right and the contract will be cancelled with it, because it is in opposition to the content of the contract.

Therefore it is forbidden, where the contract is established on borrower's benefit.

For example: the lender stipulates that the borrower must allow him to dwell in his house as compensation for the loan.

In the second case, the scholars allow the condition if there is no cost from repayment of the loan in other country.

For example, if he is sent a charge to his family and it is not enough, so he lends it to someone and stipulates that the borrower must pay it to them fully, because this fulfills a benefit for both (lender and borrower).