أهل الذمة و إسهاماتهم الطبية في دولة المماليك : دراسة تاريخية

الملخص EN

The period between 648 AH-1223 AH / 1250 AD-1517 AD was the period during which the Mamluk rule ruled by its maritime and bargeic sections, which, in addition to being complementary to the other, are an extension of the previous states that ruled the Egyptian state, especially the Ayyubid state (567 AH -648 AH / 1171 - 1250 AD) in all aspects of political, administrative, economic and intellectual life.

The Mamluk Sultans took over Cairo as the capital of their country, which became the leader in the Islamic world, especially after the fall of Baghdad in 656 AH / 1258 AD.

Science and science.