المسلم و الآخر في دستور المدينة المنورة

الملخص EN

The paper is entitled ( citizenship and coexistence in the Constitution of Madina) or (The Prophetic Guidance in Dealing with the Jews in Madina Constitution)All praise is due to Allah, the Creator of men and who honored them “And We have certainly honored the children of Adam” Surah Al-Isra (70)The constitution of the city of Madina is considered as the first document written by Prophet (peace be upon him) after his arrival in the city in the first year of migration/ 623 AD.

It is the political constitution, legal standard and the unprecedented social contract.

On the basis of this document, the relationships among people of different religions, genders, races and colors are organized.

This is the general system to facilitate the life affairs which is the basis of the state.

In accordance with the principles of establishing freedom in the human rights principles, the Prophet (peace be upon him) wrote a constitution that guarantees the peaceful life for all the religions and guarantees those rights to all people.

His purpose (peace be upon him) was to clarify the obligations of all parties within Madina and to define all rights and responsibilities.

This constitution has a great role in clarifying the main features of how to deal, how to build partnership and harmonize with others and this requires a high level of thinking from us and finding the suitable methods for Muslims to deal with others.

Also the constitution recognizes that the diversity of ideas, religions, colors and hordes is a universal norm which requires an agreement on a common denominator and recognizing and accepting the others is a response to the orders of religion, “There shall be no compulsion in [acceptance of] the religion.” Surah Al- Baqarah(256)This indicates the good policy of the Prophet (peace be upon him) in the State Administration.

The document indicates that the space of Islamic values and ethics according to the Shariah policy is great and is not limited by time or place.

It is limited only by fanaticism and the narrow view that comes as a result of ignorance in the age of openness to the world and partnership and history bear witnesses that the spread of Islam in peace, safety and freedom was more than violence that did not come with any goodness, and that this document is the effective treatment of our suffering and the ruin of our societies, in which citizenship and the formulation of civil peace in a society in which religions, sects and nationalitieslive in harmony as in the country of Islam.

This research is a contemporary reading of some of the articles relating to the Jews, and attempts to clarify some of its implications at a time when we find attempts to globalize the world culturally and economically and to remove the geographical borders.

This made it necessary to return to read the heritage and its scope, especially biography as the legacy of prophecy to answer the questions of the present and the future and it is capable to answer and provide solutions.

The Prophet's handling of this document in its early historical context and its importance as a social, political, defense and economic contract and to consider it and give it the value that formed the basis of the nation and society and citizenship and dealing with the other concepts that need us a lot of consideration and efforts to defuse confrontations in the name of religion.

The nature of the research required that it begin with an introduction followed by a preamble and three chapters.

The first chapters deals with Madina documents, and it includes the following sections: first: what is meant by the Madina documents, second: the articles of the documents, third: its parts and nature.

The second chapter: it deals with the major rights and duties of Jews in the document, and it includes the following sections: first: the major rights, second: major duties.

While the third chapter includes the features of the positive dealing in the document and formed from the following sections: first: the political aspects, second: security, third: social, fourth: civilization and finally the conclusion and major outcomes and suggestions of the research.

May Allah grant success to those who are responsible for the work of this blessed conference and to reward them with good, Allah is the near hearer of all.

Researcher.