العلاقة بين الخلافة و الأمير المتغلب : قراءة تاريخية ما بين القرنين الرابع و السادس الهجرين

الملخص EN

This research aims to highlight the relationship between the Caliph and the predominant prince through some of Islamic political books, which studied the case of acquiring authority by force and its position from it.

To know the conditions and reasons that made the jurist to study this case, we should first know the historical conditions in which the nation was lived.

Retardation on all aspects; politically and civilizationally, because there were some forces captured authority and the Caliph was just name.

so the Muslim jurist tried through this thought to compromise between the Caliphate as a religious stablishment that incubates and sponsors the Islamic society and the Islamic state, and the predominant prince who has the power and authority in his hand.

So, in order this prince will not coup on the Caliphate, the jurists found a kind of agreement, through which the Caliph agree to have the religious and nominal authority over this predominant prince, while the Caliph grants this predominant an authorization to rule the in hand territories.

On this basis the relation between the Caliph and the raping princes was built.

This research got a group of results, from which that this rule has its advantages in the period of study; in preserving the Islamic territories, and preventing bloodshed.

But it has disadvantage through making coup and disobeying the Caliph or the predominant Sultan himself is an easy and probable act.

So, anyone who has the force can acquire the authority and the rule, besides; the violation of an important Islamic rule; which is the "Shura" rule.