العوامل الجغرافية المؤثرة في حركة التجارة السلعية بين مصر و مجلس التعاون لدول الخليج العربية

الملخص EN

The geographical factors influencing the movement of commodity trade between Egypt and the GCC countries show the multiplicity of these factors between the natural and human factors that complement and interact with each other.

The geographic location of Egypt has affected the Arab world and the geographic proximity with the GCC countries as an economic bloc in general and with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in particular, which is separated from Egypt only by the Red Sea to activate the movement of trade exchange.

Natural resources vary from water resources, climate, soil, energy and mineral resources in Egypt & GCC countries.

Egypt is characterized by the existence of the Nile River as a permanent source of water as the total water of the river 55.50 billion meters3/year, 72.6% of the total proceeds of water resources in Egypt, in addition to fertile soil and moderate climate, which helps in the agricultural activity, There is a permanent resource for water while the GCC countries relies on rain and flood in the first place 172853.4 million m3/year by 83.3% of the total water resources available in the GCC countries, which are known to fluctuate from year to year and from one season to another and then fluctuates agricultural production especially that the desert climate & desert soil are prevailing so the GCC countries import agricultural crops and foodstuffs from Egypt to meet the needs of its population.

In terms of energy resources and mineral wealth, the GCC countries are characterized as oil countries, which affect the movement of their exports to Egypt.

The population is one of the main geographical factors affecting the size and value of exports and imports due to the increase in the population in Egypt, the population reached in 2015 about 88.9 million people, after it was 43.9 million people in 1981, and in the GCC countries the population reached in 2015 about 51.1 million people, after it was 13.6 million in 1981.

In addition, the production of livestock, fish and industrial production differs between Egypt and the GCC countries according to the economic activity.

Based on population size and consumption, there is a surplus or deficit in production, and therefore the movement of commodity trade between them is affected.

The different means of transportation are available in Egypt and the GCC countries, especially the least expensive shipping, which facilitates the movement of trade exchange among the countries of study, accounting for 76.2% of the total volume of trade.

Egypt has made preferential trade agreements with the GCC countries and has helped them in this geographical convergence, the size of the market, the diversity of natural and material resources, the language component and the necessary historical and political ties.

Despite the development of commodity trade movement since the inception of the GCC until 2015, the result of such experiments of success was very modest.