النمذجة الهيدرولوجية في المناطق الجافة باستخدام التقنيات المكانية : دراسة مرجعية

الملخص EN

A wide range of literature, which is related to hydrological modelling in arid regions, including the use of Geographic information System and Remote Sensing technology on hydrological modelling and watershed models, has been reviewed in this study.

Digital elevation model data, land-use/cover data, soil data, and rainfall data, were discussed in detail regarding their role in hydrological modelling applications.

This study discussed the use of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), the Kinematic Runoff and Erosion Model (Kin-eros2), the Identification of unit Hydrograph and Component flows from Rainfall, Evaporation and Streamflow (IHACRES) model, The Hydrologic Engineering Centre-Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS), and The runoff curve number (RCN).

Those techniques with spatial perspectiveare examples of hydrological models that have been successfully implemented in arid regions.

Arid areas require more attention from researchers in order to overcome obstacles that were identified in this study in hydrological modelling.

For example, they should consider new methods for determining spatial rainfall and infiltration from transient flows that come from flash floods.

In arid areas, RS data can be used for simulating the event instead of using gauged data.

The observational data can also be improved by creating multiple measurement stations in affected areas.