مشكلات تأسيس و استمرار المشروعات الصغيرة للأسرة الريفية : "دراسة حالة لصناعة استخلاص الزيوت" بمحافظة قنا

الملخص EN

The objectives of this study were to identify the problems related to establishment and continuation of the era and extract oil industry, identify suggestions of the respondents to solve these problems, and finally identify the social and economic impacts of oil industry projects for rural family, according to the respondents' point of view in the study area.

The study was conducted in Qena Governorate, which was chosen as it is one of the poorest Governorates to Human Development Index (HDI) for Egyptian governorates.

Hence, it has priority in development and in the establishment of small projects.

Afterward, selected Qus District and three villages (Hegaza, Maghrigia and El-Akb) were selected according to the same criteria, in addition to the presence of oil industry projects.

Data were collected from 120 respondents during April 2015 by using Focus Group Discussion, Then data were analyzed by using qualitative analysis, which depend on the daily review of the information that was obtained, Then, summarizing and categorizing it to reach results.

The most important results were the following: There was a shortage in seeds quantity which is used to extract oil, in addition to the presence of individuals who monopolized the cultivation and marketing of these seeds.

Additionally, results revealed that there was lack of Finance to support these projects, fear of losing money in case of project failure, lack of training and information to produce high-quality oil, and the lack of provision of laws and regulations for contracting with farmers to market their production of seeds at competitive prices.

The most important suggestions from the respondents point of view were the need to enact legislation required to obligate farmers, especially in new lands to cultivate oil crops, conducting extension fields, deployment of collective action among workers, especially youth, raise farmers' awareness of the economic importance of cultivating oil crops, making licensing procedures for oil extractors easier, providing training courses in oil manufacturing area, and the cultivation of high-quality seeds recommended by Ministry of Agriculture and Agriculture Extension.

Finally ,results have also revealed that such projects had positive economic and social impacts represented in higher family income and better accessibility to education and health services for family members, and the most important recommendations were to focus on labor training, setting a fixed price for the supply of seeds to be used for cultivation and for oil extraction, making licensing procedures for oil extractors easier, enacting laws and regulations related to contracting with farmers to market their seeds production, and activating the role of cooperatives to provide support for farmers especially in marketing oil products.