استخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية في تقييم مستويات الضوضاء المرورية في مدينة-فلسطين

الملخص EN

Environmental pollution is one of the most important problems that threaten our world because of its direct relationship with human activity.

One of the most important pollutants is the noise pollution.

Noise pollution in Gaza strip in Palestine is progressively growing and increasing due to many factors, which include natural factors, artificial factors, technological factors and others.

It was noticed that the traffic noise is one of these major factors.

The aims of this study are: 1) Using the Geographic Information System (GIS) technique in making a precise analytic study of the behavior of spread of traffic noise phenomenon.

2) Numerically modeling in order to appreciate its effects on the population and the surrounding environment via one of the most important of GIS Software (ArcGIS9.3).

The practical research methodology depended on getting the true values of noise in dBA, using auto range Digital Multi Meter after determining the areas geographically, using the GPS during two peaks (morning, afternoon) in work days as well as in holidays.

After the analysis process in the program and counting the noise LeqA, the results in the city reflected a dangerous effect of this phenomenon as the highest value of traffic noise LeqA in the morning of most roads reached 91 dBA in the afternoon workday, while the lowest value reached 40 dBA in the holiday morning.

The classification was performed for the five main roads and the study area, depending on its exposure to noise, and it was found that about 40% of the area is exposed to traffic noise more than 75 dBA and 9% of the area is exposed to the same degree of traffic noise in holidays.

Also, it is noticed that these values were reflected negatively in the surrounding as 98.6% of the population in the morning are exposed to noise that is higher than the normal average (55 dBA in the morning).

Regarding the residential buildings in the area, they were affected gradually because of being close to the study roads as 98.5% of buildings facades are exposed to noise values higher than 55 dBA daily in workdays and in holiday’s afternoon.

Finally, all the previous results were presented as digital maps to facilitate reading and to well appreciate by the decision makers, in order to find environmentally effective solutions.