البناء الفكري في إيران خلال القرن التاسع عشر الميلادي : الأسس-الروافد

الملخص EN

The study includes a preamble, two axes preceded by an introduction and conclusion in the end." The first axis entitled "the foundations of intellectual construction in Iraq" focuses on the basics of this construction that are represented by (Iranian social notables and their divisions: first, Iranian social classes as the first class: custodians of holy shrines, the second class: clergymen- students of religious sciences, the third class: the Iranian people, second, Iranian scientific families and third, ethnic minorities and other religious sects).The second axis entitled " the foundations of Iranian intellectual construction" represented by (religious hawza 'religious education', the role of education 'Qur'nic schools- schools', the emergence of printing and presses, establishing libraries ' private and public', Iranian journalism ' language…the goal… the sample', scholarships programme 'scirntific scholarships', missionaries 'vision- thought', the visions and presentations of the pioneers of ' Reformation' and ' renewal' in Iran and religious and literary gatherings 'types of content'.)The current study shows that the intellectual construction in Iran cannot stand unless there are "foundations" to be the solid base for this construction.

The "tributaries" feed and support the components of Iranian society of different sects, and this motivates the researcher to state that "intellectual foundations in Iran represented a wide 'environment' and a large ' school' to crystalize the Iranian individuals in all fields of knowledge whether ' humanities' or 'scientific', and directed him towards ' openness', 'thought', knowledge' and 'culture' that kindle the potentialities of the minds to cope with the social events and political activities"