مشكلات المسنين وفقا لمتغيري الجنس و الحالة الاجتماعية

الملخص EN

Aging is an important stage in human life, it is no less important than childhood or youth, but because of the rapid social and economic changes that occur in society, the nature of individuals' relations has changed.

This has affected the elderly and led to increase their problems, in addition to the emergence of new problems which the elderly didn't suffer from previously.

Aging is not a disease; it is a period in which a person changes physiologically; it is another and new image that is accompanied with shortcomings and a significant loss of strength and vitality.

Thus, working with the elderly requires faith in the importance and value of working with this age group as the same importance with other ages.

This age group suffers from neglect, lack of interest and lack of care; it may even be considered handicapped and dependent on the family members and society.

Even though, the elderly are a constructive energy if it is invested and exploited in a good way by providing the necessary care and attention to them.

As an elderly person, many problems will appear.

The research problem is an attempt to discover the most important problems experienced by the elderly in Baghdad governorate according to the variables of the gender of the elderly, whether male or female and the marital status of the elderly, whether (married, widow/ widower and divorced).

The research problem is summarized by the following question: - What are the most important problems of the elderly according to their gender and marital status variables? The research aims to: 1.

Identify the most important problems experienced by the elderly.

2.

Identify the problems of the elderly according to their gender variable (male, female).

3.

Identify the problems of the elderly according to their marital status variable (married, widow/ widower, divorced (.

The current research was limited to: - Elderly people in the city of Baghdad next to the second Rusafa in Al-Baladiat region who were selected randomly.

The sample of the research consisted of (80) elderly, (40) males and (40) females.

The two researchers prepared a measure to identify the most important problems experienced by the elderly to achieve the objectives of the research, and the validity of the scale was verified by presenting it to a group of arbitrators in the field, and the stability was extracted in the manner of retesting, the coefficient of stability of the elderly problems scale was (0.84).

After processing the data statistically, the research reached to the following results: 1.

There are economic, health and socio-psychological problems that the elderly suffered from.

2.

There is a statistically significant difference between the problems of the elderly according to the age variable; the two researchers used the T test equation for two independent samples in equal size to reach the results of the second objective.

The result of this procedure is: A.

Economic problems were in favor of the elderly males.

There was a statistically significant difference between the arithmetical averages of economic problems for the elderly males and the calculated T value was (9,266), which is greater than the scale value of (1, 96) at the significance level of (0, 05) and the freedom degree of (78).

B.

Health problems were in favor of elderly males.

There was a statistically significant difference between the arithmetical averages of the health problems for the elderly males and the calculated T value was (2,409), which is greater than the table value of (1,96) at the significance level (0,05) and the freedom degree (78).

C.

Socio-Psychological problems in favor of elderly females.

There was a statistically significant difference between the arithmetical variables of socio-psychological problems in favor of elderly females; the calculated T value was (16,196) which is greater than the table value of (1,96) at the significance level of (0.05) and the freedom degree of (78).

3.

There is no statistically significant difference between the problems of the elderly according to their marital status (married, widow/ widower, divorced), the two researchers used the analysis of mono - variance to reach the results of the third objective.

It was found that there is no statistically significant difference between the problems of the elderly according to their marital status, where the calculated alpha value is (0,178) which is smaller in compared with the table values of (3,11) at the significance level of (0,05) and (4,88) at the significance level of (0,01).

Interpretation of the results 1.

Identify the most important problems experienced by the elderly The elderly suffer from economic, health and socio-psychological problems according to their aging in which they are accompanied by the progress of the age, the emergence of problems and their needs that the family or society can't meet.

Any lack of satisfaction of the elderly needs will lead to the emergence of many other problems such as economic, health, socio-psychological problems, which leads to the deterioration in the elderly psychological, physical, mental and marital status.

2.

Identify the problems of the elderly according to the gender variable (male, female).

Differences in gender have been in favor of the elderly males in economic and health problems.

This may be due to the fact that the elderly males as soon as they retire or leave to practice the profession they were practicing, they suffer from economic problems because of the limited income which has a negative impact on their health.

In addition to their health deterioration and their need for medicine and increase the cost of medication will be in a mutual relationship with their weak economic level.

While the differences in favor of elderly females in the socio- psychological problems, this may be due to the fact that elderly females suffer from these socio- psychological problems more than elderly males because of the presence of elderly female in the home and her direct contact with children and their wives and children at home, as well as, the large number of interventions and rejection of such interventions without pay attention to the elderly female's need for special care from the children and the need to devote any time to talk with them.

So they are more likely to suffer from socio-psychological problems as compared with the elderly male, who may find a breather by going to the cafe and accompanied by a group of the elderly friends.

3.

Identify the elderly problems according to their marital status (married, widow/ widower, divorced).

It was found that there is no difference between the elderly males and females according to their marital status, whether the elderly (male or female), married, or one of them widow/widower, or one of them divorced; all elderly people suffer from the same economic, health and socio-psychological problems.

In the case of the married elderly, the presence of the wife or husband does not help to eliminate such problems; as well as the divorced and widow/widower elderly, this means that all the elderly married, divorced and widow/widower suffer from these problems.