ضريبة الغلمان (الدوشرمة)‎ في عصر الدولة العثمانية

الملخص EN

The Ottoman Empire saw that the reliance on the tribesmen in building its army was a wrong path, because of the soldier’s blank attitude of allegiance that was suffused with like doing a favor for the state which was firmly established by the soldiers at this time.

This made the Ottoman state looks for an alternative way that would eliminate it from that fearful obsession of soldiers and their lack of loyalty.So, it resorted to the enslavement of the Christian children from Europe which was like human spoils to make them Muslims and consider them slaves of the Sultan as a quintile of his booty, and then put them soldiers as the structure of the Ottoman army.

Moreover, The Ottoman led the soldiers to a spiritual bond combines their word to ensure their loyalty, that bond was Sufism, and it is well known for its great effect on gathering people’s word.

The Ottomans were trying to make this taxa legitimate compatible with provisions of the Islamic sharia; by naming them as the sultan’s fifth that was receives from his enemies.

Hence, they have moved away from sharia, there is no fifth for the sultan exccpt in case of war.

Therefore, it is quoted by the Qur'an when talking about the spoils of war said ® And know that anything you obtain of war booty - then indeed, for Allah is one fifth of it and for the Messenger and for [his] near relatives and the orphans, the needy, and the [stranded] traveler, if you have believed in Allah and in that which We sent down to Our Servant on the day of criterion - the day when the two armies met.

And Allah, over all things, is competent.

{Surah Al-Anfal}.

However, these Devshirme people were stolen most of their human rights and the pleasures of life, such as marriage, family, etc., except few of them who became useless, retired or injured, who did not qualify for jihad.

These turned into a calamrt*t4iko-for the Ottoman Empire.

They became a source of danger until they were overthrown by Sultan Mahmud II, who founded the state with a new concept.

However, these Devshirme people were chosen according to those who were fit to serve the Sultan’s court with health, prettincss, and intelligence.

As time passes, They became important to the sultans and became influential in the state, they became haughty and look to the people with an inferior look as a lower class than their class.

This caused a muted struggle between them and led to the rebellion of some of them in Anatolia and joined their Ottoman’s enemies ranks.