أثر القوانين العثمانية على الزراعة في بلاد الشام 1826-1918م

الملخص EN

During the Ottoman era, topsoil underwent many kinds of control and Feudalism was the supreme.

Feudalism is a kind of a pattern related to a late one and the nature of Ottoman Empire, which was depending on conquering in order to expand.

On the other hand, some of the lands were under the control of other kind of ruling - i.e: Tax Farming system.

Since the aforementioned system was influenced by Feudalism, disastrous results on Agriculture occurred, forcing big numbers of farmers to immigrate since they faced hard life there.

The empire sought to bring this problem to an end, so they tried some regulations.

The first try was the attempts of Sultan Mustafa the third (1757-1774).

Then, the lands code, issued in 1858, allowed the government to reduce the chaos at that time; but this action empowered the Feudal and trade lords to takeover many lands.

In consequence of that, lands became nothing but commodities, Than making it easier for the Zionist movement to achieve its plans.

The paper concluded that the Othmani regulations that were set to develop agriculture had caused serious damage that complicated the agricultural problems.

This made it more important nowdays to take the legal aspect of land into consideration, especially in Palestine and the other countries that were part of the Arab stuggle against Zionist.

Since there is historical relation between the current laws about land ownership and the Othmani laws.

This shows the serious need of real movement from the responsible and interested organizations to call for developing agricultural process without the owner's over ruling or huge companie's monopoly in the matter of buying, selling or marketing the yields.

For this will show the Shami farmer the benefit of planting the land and protecting it from loss.