الدعوة الدينية و الدولة على ضوء الفكر الخلدوني : المرابطون نموذجا

الملخص EN

bdul Rahman Ibn Khaldoun knew the reality of the medieval Maghreb، this vast territory populated mainly by the Berber، these people were found in devisions while they were united and in weakness after power and force، in other words، the idea of the the state began to disappear little by little، while knowing the importance of the existence of the state because it is the centerpiece of all civilization، and for this purpose ibn khaldoun devoted a big part of it in his work the introduction ( .(المقدمة Abdou arrahmane separated the nomads and the inhabitants of the urban areas، based on their way of life، and by the first the state and founded، their main motivation a strong relation ship between the members of the same tribe، the latter known as al assabia ( .(العصبیة But this assabia and less motivating among the tribes of third position، Those who depend on camels in their lives، So they move away from urban places and rarely meet on opinion and more about a king، And so they are far from civilization and can not submit it except to a religion or a religious invitation.

The marabouts known under the name (masked) of the extreme Maghreb in the Middle Ages belong to the class of the tribes of third position، this invocations appeared in a period of ignorance and Heresy، not to speak of tribal conflicts، and by this situation she hase not found better to reunite than by religion or religious vocation.

despite the fact that both vocations have followed the schools of jurisprudence known (Malikite rite)، All this can not prevent the hostility led mainly by the chiefs of tribes and jurists (fokaha) who are placed as opponent for they can protect their interests، but this has not prevented the establishment of this state.