السفارات المتبادلة بين الدولتين الزيانية و المرينية خلال القرنين السابع و الثامن الهجريين (ق 13-14 م)‎

الملخص EN

Since the beginning of the seventh century AH XIII AD, The Islamic Maghreb witnessed the collapse of Almohad’s state which led to the split of the Islamic Maghreb into three mini-states: The Marinides in the Maghreb Aksa, and The Ziyyanids in the Middle Maghreb, also the Hafsid’s state in Africa, therefore wars were undecided between these countries, and this study was presented to discuss mutual embassies between the two countries during Ziyyanids and Al Marinides during the seventh and eighth centuries AD, and their role in easing the conflict between the two states, especially as the embassies were doing the talking for the sultans in that period and negotiating on their behalf, for this the Ambassador was considered the link to achieve their goals, that’s why the sultans did their best to choose carefully the characters that have the understanding and necessary qualifications so that they can succeed to influence, also to be good at expressing the content of what the embassy has to represent, and perhaps in the forefront of these qualifications strands of science, wisdom, courage and dignity