الكحالة و الكحالون في مصر و الشام زمن الحروب الصليبية

الملخص EN

This research Interested in the subject of Study "kehala and Kahalin" ophthalmology and the famous Optometrist and their works, in Egypt and Syria during the Crusades era.

The Study begins with an introduction about the reasons for choosing the subject, then the difficulties that faced the research after that the six topics: The First is " The kahal Education and its economic and social status", they were educated in medical schools, Hospital (Bumarstan), Houses of (kahaleen) Optometrists, the final point is the ethics of them.

The second topic is "The famous (kahaleen) Optometrists and their books", which were reached us, I focus on four of them: Abu Al Abbas Al Qaisi, Khalifa bin Abi Al Mahasin Halabi, Ibn Al-Nafees and finally Salah Al-Din Al-Kahhal.

The third topic is "Anatomy of the eye in the light of Kehala books in the era of the Crusades".

The fourth topic is "methods of treatment of eye diseases", which varied between food treatment, medicine and finally surgery.

The fifth topic is "Medical instruments which used by Alkhalon in eye surgery", which developed significantly in that era and helped to cure many of the intractable cases.

The sixth topic is "The interested with the Kehala in the Crusader settlements".

Finally the conclusion, includes the most important results of the research.

key words : Al-Kahlain, Ophthalmology, Crusades, Bimarastanat, Egypt, syria, Islamic Medicine, Islamic Civilization, Abu Al-Abbas Al-Qaisi, Ibn El-Nafis, Salah Al-Din Al-Kahhal, Abo Elmahasen Alhalaby, ibn Abi Osibiaa, surgery instruments