المخطوط في العصر المملوكي أدوات كتابته و أساليب زخرفته

الملخص EN

The tools used in the writing of the manuscript in the Mamlouk period, which are preserved by the collections of local and international museums, which can be found in the pens were varied: one of the most important tools that carried out the writing in the manuscripts, which was known as many types including the palm pen, ivory pen, reed pen, The most famous of these is the pen made of cane.

It is easy to make it to be of a certain thickness, flat face and a slit in the face to allow the ink to move from the pen to the paper.

The second is the ink, which is made of smoke, crumbs and ash, especially the ashes of oak and gum.

Although the use of Chinese ink to write on parchment, Muslims have succeeded since the Abbasid era in the invention of many types of inks in accordance with the nature of the manuscripts and papers used at the time used bright colors in the making and decorating the manuscripts were made colors of different materials, including what It is made from vegetable sources such as henna, milk, rice, roses and flowers.

These are made of precious stones and the colors extracted from the stone powders are fixed colors that do not change by time.

The powders of these stones are mixed with gum and water, The third source of the color industry is dust after it intervenes and is filtered and crushed to become like a palm and then mixed with glue and water until it is ready to decorate the pages of manuscripts.

The fourth and final source in the manufacture of color manuscripts.

Gilding and the third of these tools are Medea: the knife that is the pen and the fourth pen: the place where the pens are placed and the pens used in writing the manuscript in many of the lines have been found in several forms between the ring and square, which was the field The fifth one is the needle and the razors: the vials of ceramic or wood and sometimes of pottery and sometimes of glass and increased the elegance in the developed ages and became the manufacture of silver and gold and its tasks put the ink in writing while sometimes be Almqalim and dummies in one body as we will refer In addition to these main tools there are other tools to help to write in high quality, including the mattress: a piece of linen and wool are scattered under pens and mop: a piece of cloth with two colors of wool or silk wipe the pen when the completion of writing so as not to love On the pen a machine to take water in the needle and placed in place of water in some cases rose water to smelter the smell of ink and this machine is mostly from the snail, which is extracted from the sea and finally the ruler: a machine of wood straight sides dictate what needs less than The number of lines per page to write and this underline helps to be writing straight lines.