الحركات الاحتجاجية لعمال السجائر في مصر من 1889-1914

الملخص EN

Labors who were working cigarettes industries are considered the first who organized a strike during the Egyptian industrial history.

Historians were different in defining that beginning.

It was established during the study that the strike of 25 and 26 August 1889 was the first to protest of this category, followed by several strikes that differed in the force of their influence.

Over the next ten years, a cigarette strike at the end of 1899 was a real start for labor movements in general and workers Cigarettes in particular, creating a new spirit and thought for workers of other industries.

The strikes of this category passed through many steps such as: 1.

Organization and mobilization: in which the workers of the prisoners were keen to mobilize their ranks and elect their decision-makers.

2.

Defining demands: The demands of the protesters have often crystallized in order to improve their economic situation, and their demands have risen to include psychological, social and health aspects.

3.

Escalation and the use of violence: One of the most dangerous stages of the strike of cigarette workers, violence began to threaten and intimidate and ended up assaulting workers who refused to join the strike, so factory owners resorted to police to protect their workers and workers from such attacks.

4.

The intervention of officials: The most intrusive were the consuls of the countries that belonged to the protesting workers, in addition to senior government officials such as the governor and his agent.

Trade unions played an important role in workers' strikes.

The unions were also a great concern for many of the owners of the factories, so they tried to keep them from interfering in affairs, especially their relationship with the workers.

The role of a cigarette-free association is not only to help its own community members, but also to participate in their sit-ins.

Therefore, there was a constant clash between the owners of the factories and the associations of the cigarette workers.

Some newspapers played a role in supporting the trade unions against the owners of the monuments who wanted to weaken them and eliminate them because they were helping the workers in their strikes to improve their financial situation.

For obtaining their demands.