أضواء على أنظمة الحكم و الإدارة في عهد الدولة السعودية الأولى 1157-1233 ه 1744-1818 م

الملخص EN

The current study aims to describe the political, judicial, military and financial system in the First Saudi State era and to know the authorities and responsibilities of the rulers, such as those of the Imam and the Crown Prince and those who assist them in their responsibilities of princes, advisors and people of assessment (Hesbah).

The researcher used the descriptive, historical analytical research method, where he collected the scientific material from its original sources and analyzed it, classified and then re-composed scientifically.

In the first chapter, the researcher pointed to the authorities and the tasks of the Imam, which combined both political and religious functions, and how he involved the tribes in the task of controlling security as a result of the expansion of the State.

He then referred to the description of the state of the Covenant and the functions of the Crown Prince, and the division of the country into emirates, that were run by leaders from the same region provided that those leaders is committed to the Salafi Call.

The researcher described the system of consultation (Shora) adopted by the first Saudi State and how it evolved until it became a council under the reign of Imam Saud bin Abdul Aziz.

The researcher devoted the second chapter to describe the judicial system based on Hanbali doctrine, but without neglecting other doctrines, where he described the appointment of judges, their qualifications, their qualities, their tasks and the duration of their stay in office.

In the third chapter, the researcher explained the military regime, indicating that there was no regular army of the State, but special guards for the prince and his property.

As for wars, the Imam used to announce the general call for war (Nafeer), where each prince would gather men of his region capable of preparing and fighting.

The author cited some examples of the battles led by Imam Saud.

The fourth chapter was devoted to the financial system, which was based, at the beginning, on the taxing (Kharaj) system.

This system was replaced by the Zakat system, as it was the first source of finance, followed by spoils and penalties.

The resources were spent on the governance necessities, needy assistance, students of sponsorships, the poor, the passers-by, and the disbursement of salaries of the State workers, as well as the construction of mosques and places of worship.