تأثير بعض العوامل البيئية في الأداء الحياتي لدبور التورم Ophelimus maskelli (Ashmead)‎ على أوراق اليوكالبتوس Eucalyptus camaldulensis حقليا في كربلاء، العراق

الملخص EN

The study was carried out on affected leaves of eucalyptus seedlings and shrubs in Karbala, Iraq, attacked with the eucalyptus gall wasp during the period 15/7/2016-1/3/2017 .

Affected samples were examined in the laboratory and gall symptoms were observed on both sides of the leaf.

Leaf galls incidence and their number increased with the increase of adult's emergence and availability of wasp favorable environmental conditions.

The number of galls was 21.96/cm2 of leaf area during the second week of August when the temperature was 38.01°C and the relative humidity 33.23%.

However, the number of galls reached 33.59/cm2 of leaf area on 20/8/2016 when the temperature was 33°C and the relative humidity 41.45%.

The number of galls started to decrease to reach 19.87 galls/cm2 on 23/11/2016, when the temperature was 10.64°C and relative humidity 32.02%.

The number of eggs was 29 eggs per week obtained from a total of 100 galls at 34.30 °C m and relative humidity of 37.94%, and 22 eggs per week at 24.36°C and 37.3% relative humidity.

The number of eggs/week was 29-30 during the first and second weeks of November at temperature range of 15.63-21.69°C and relative humidity range of 37.71-46.3%.

The same trend was observed for the impact of these environmental factors on the first, second, and third larval stages.

Pupa were developed within the galls in a place close to the gall exit, and adults began to increase significantly after the fourth week of July to reach a maximum of 76 adults during the first week of November at 21.69°C and 37.75% relative humidity.

The number then began to decrease until the third week of January, 2017 and the weeks that followed, where there was no significant presence of adults when the temperature dropped below 15°C and the relative humidity increased up to 88.1%.

This is the first record of parasitic wasp Closterocerus chamaeleon (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on eucalyptus leaves in central Iraq