Politiques de lutte contre la pauvreté en Mauritanie

الملخص EN

Poverty reduction is today one of the major challenges of this end of the Century.

Mauritania has undertaken for several years to conduct an active policy of poverty reduction.

To this end, a National Strategy to combat poverty was adopted in 1994 and a specific program to combat poverty., The results show a relative robustness as for the classification of the social states in terms of poverty of three principal groups.

By order descending of poverty, the latter are: the rural sector of the River and the South & South-East, urban zones of the River and the South & South-East, as well as the rural Center-North; Nouakchott and cities of Center-North.

This conclusion was obtained with a poverty line of 40 402 ouguiyas per capita and per annum — determined by the approach of the cost of the basic needs —, and is independent of the taking into account of a scale factor of the households different from the unit.

In addition, the regression of rural and urban poverty in Mauritania between 1990 and 2015 shows that, for additive measurements, it is stronger in relative terms in the urban sector, compared to the rural sector, whereas the reverse prevails in absolute terms.

Moreover, the regional structure of poverty is only changed in rural sector, the area of the River being impoverished, relative at the other rural zones.

On the other hand, the relative importance of poverty in the secondary cities is always highest compared to Nouakchott.

Such results would tend to show the absence of antagonism between the policies of adjustment and the reduction of poverty and, at the same time, the advisability of focusing the actions in direction of the rural sector in order to fight the latter most effectively.