شبه جزيرة إيبيريا في التنافس البريطاني الفرنسي في أوروبا 1807-1813م

الملخص EN

First, the campaign Napoleon waged against Spain had no rational justification to convince the French people, who sacrificed their blood and freedom for the glory of France in such endless wars.

The sole underlying reason behind this new invasion had been to give the throne of Spain to his brother.

This is what the French people realized about that war, admitting that it was a fatal mistake that led to sowing their downfall.

Second, it seems that Napoleon misjudged the Spanish people as he thought they were like the Spanish Royal Family, which was a grave mistake as the Spanish are of the stubborn mountain peoples who hate to submit to a foreigner, especially as they have the elements of struggle and war based on the ruggedness of the Iberian Plateau.

Third, the two main emotions of the Spanish people were religion and national pride.

In fact, there was no government that spoke for all of Spain, and the provinces and cities eventually declared their rejection of Napoleon's rule.

Fourth, in fact, the greatest credit for this vigilance that pervaded Europe was first and foremost due to the gangs of Spanish farmers and monks who persevered in resisting the French valiantly.

In 1810, fierce battles were fought by Salt, Nyen and Messina, Napoleon's most famous leader, where they nailed the Spanish people and chased the British troops to the coast of Portugal.

However, the Spanish were able to defeat Napoleon and his soldiers, thanks to their army scattered in the midst of guerrilla warfare.

Fifth, the defeat of The French forces in the wars of the Iberian Peninsula was not due to Napoleon's inability to plan the battle, but the development of plans that would qualify him for victory, in addition to gathering a large number of soldiers.

Nevertheless, the defeat of Napoleon in Spain lies in the failure of Joseph to carry out Napoleon's orders, as Napoleon was troubled because his commanders in Spain did not execute his orders.

Joseph did not have the acumen of warfare; he was known to be a wise, sane, and generous reformer, and Napoleon did not really know how many English troops were coming to rescue Spain.

Sixth, despite Napoleon's efforts in his war on the Iberian Peninsula, a loophole may have been the reason for his defeat: the soldiers he took to fight were mercenary soldiers from different countries, nationalities, and dialects, who could not have common grounds or shared goals like the local national armies.