التفاؤل كعامل مؤشر على الصمود النفسي لدى الأطفال في مجموعات عمرية متتابعة

الملخص EN

The aim of the current research is to identify the extent of optimism in predicting psychological resilience in children in successive age groups, as well as revealing the differences between children in early childhood and middle childhood stage within successive age groups in predicting psychological resilience, and the differences between children of both sexes (males - Females) within successive age groups in predicting psychological resilience.

To collect research data, these tools were applied: the psychological resilience scale in children in early childhood from "5-6" years (researcher preparation), the psychological resilience scale in children in early childhood from "6-7" years (researcher preparation), A measure of psychological resilience in children in middle childhood from "7-8" years (researcher preparation), a measure of psychological resilience in children in middle childhood from "8-9" years (researcher preparation), a form for collecting indicators of the child's economic and social situation ( Researcher Preparation), Color Sequence Matrix Test (John Raven Preparation) (CPM Preparation for Intelligence Measurement).

The results of the research showed: 1- There are statistically significant differences between the average levels of children in optimism, at least between two of the four consecutive age groups on the child's psychological resilience scale.

2- There are statistically significant differences between the average ranks of male and female children in optimism for the four consecutive age groups on the child psychological resilience scale in the direction of females in the fourth age group from "8-9" years.