مقاربة نظرية للأسلوب المعرفي "الاستقلال في مقابل الاعتماد على المجال الإدراكي"

الملخص EN

The psychological structure of an individual structures an integrated set of mental characteristics that include his methods of interpretation, his methods of perception and judgment as well as his emotional properties, which reflect his value system, his inclinations, aspirations and his sensorimotor and social characteristics.

All of them allow him to face situations in different activities of life and to interact with others in a reciprocal communication network.

These characteristics are the product of the links between personal maturity and social acquisitions, so, the way a person interprets information is a different, depending on is preferences and processing style.

The theorist "Witkin" took the first imprint in the study of cognitive methods on the basis of research reports which summarized his work on the revelation of "independence versus dependence on the cognitive field" that is documented in his book entitled "Personality from the point of view of cognition 1959" to crown his interests by the theory of "psychological differentiation" which explains the mental and emotional work of the individual in his representation of himself as separate from the other, as well as the Gestalt reference in the interpretation of perception, which adopts the principle of total experience and the construction of a meaningful style of obscure pieces.

This cognitive method refers to characterizing individuals by examining their capacities to deal with problems as cognitive elements in the field, independently or dependently, where the cognitively independent person is characterized by analytical visions that make him organize situations by separating partial characteristics from the other elements that surround it.

Whereas the dependent person is characterized by a global approach which reduces the capacity to perceive the characteristics of the global situation as distinct parts, without the cognitive submission of the organization of the field.

The rapid flow of studies on this cognitive method has provided a wide range of theoretical and empirical data, which has strengthened research into its relationships with emotional and social content, reflecting the effect of the mental dimension on behavioral responses.

Moreover, the basis of this effect on the successive intermediate constructions in childhood and adolescence, which gives the cognitive style the characteristic of relative stability within the variables of the personality.

Consequently, this research paper seeks to extrapolate the most important theoretical data examining the "independence versus dependence on the cognitive field" method by clarifying its concepts, its applications and the characteristics of the individuals who depend on it as a distinct method in their thought systems.