قراءة تاريخية في مذكرات السلطان عبد الحميد الثاني

الملخص EN

Sultan Abdul- Hamid the 2 nd who was the leader of ottoman empire between 1876- 1909 considered from the personalites that should be searched and studied especially after the conflit and disussion that were around hem and his method of dealing whith his events time, as much a they whrote about his a chievements and projects as much some whirtings tried to destroy his works and put on him many accusation, and between this and that.

His memo was emerged to show the real historical events that he was living hemself, it shows us his reflection and thoughts to many political, economic and social deals in the interioe and exterior side, and these menos efer to ottoman resources that we strongly need in historical writing about the last period of ottoman empire.

So these studies came to dive deeply in there memos in order to discover the political, economic and social condition that was during the leadership of Abdul Hamid the 2 nd.

Inside and outside, with cosontrating on his opinio and attitudes to those conditiotions, and observe his aspirations and tries to stand the country up dispte of persure that made an obstacle between hem, and his goals, whith mention some of his works and achievments in some fields.