" الموانئ و دورها في تنشيط الملاحة البحرية و الحركة التجارية بين المغرب الأوسط و الأندلس (ق 3-6 ه 10-12 م)‎

Abstract EN

The Central Maghreb and Andalusia have been characterized since ancient times by their important strategic positions, which have made both of them a prominent place in the course of commercial activity in the Mediterranean world, first thanks to the length of beaches on the Mediterranean Sea, while the second is a peninsula surrounded by three maritime destinations, the most important of which is the Mediterranean coast.

One of the factors affecting the emergence and development of coastal cities in the Maghreb and Andalusia since the 3th century and the 9A, used to be the emerging several coastal cities which contained ports that played a major role in connecting the Moroccan and Andalusian enemies.

It also helped to facilitate communication and mobility, which served the commercial movement significantly.

This constituted an economic integration between the two enemies, as well as the practice of trade, fishermen, and seafarers various marine activities, particularly fishing and coral.

And this was done through adaptation despite the political and climatic conditions represented by regional tensions and the paralysis of the movement of ships at ports as well as the spread of the phenomenon of piracy and the invasion of Christian fleets.

Moreover, even the movement of transport and trade contributed to the diversity of ethnicities and community delegations, which contributed to the transport and exchange of various goods and goods coming from the opposite enemy.

The movement of ships, often frequented between the ports of Central Morocco and Andalusia, played a role in the revitalization of maritime navigation in the Mediterranean, and the emergence of new sea routes, which contributed to the link of the Andalusian ports of the enemy to Morocco.