انتفاضة محمد الغرنوق جنوب فرندة عام 1854 ضد الاحتلال الفرنسي : دراسة من خلال الأرشيف و الكتابات الفرنسية

Abstract EN

This article is part of monographic studies, and aims to introduce a significant popular resistance that took place in the southern region of Frenda against the French colonizer in May 1854 under the leadership of Mohammad ben Abdellah El-Garnouk, who belongs to the harars tribes.

El-Garnouk succeeded in mobilizing all the tribes in south of Frenda, and create links allowing him to continue his jihad project from the Hassinats, the rest of the tribes would join him later.

However, the French authority, with its vast spy network and active indigenous rulers, was able to uncover this project and destroy it in its cradle by mobilizing its enormous human resources and exploiting its strong material potential, which ultimately led to to undermine the popular base on which the resistance was based, in particular through punishment.

The displacement of the tribe towards Tiaret, and exile outside Algeria, in particular towards Sainte Marguerite.

The issue of this study revolves around the conditions of this resistance and its relations at the level of western Algeria, then its effects on the French administration and on all the tribes of the region, in particular the Hassinats who welcomed the leader of this resistance, and provided them with the human potential on which they relied for the launch of their project.

Among the main results obtained from this study: The comprehensiveness of popular Algerian resistance in the 19th century, when no region was slow to make resistance.

Coordination among the leaders of the uprisings, which has hampered the expansion of the south occupation for years.

The magnitude of the human effort made, first to carry out military action against the French, and then to endure the severe sanctions that the French administration imposed on the tribes of the region, in particular the Hassinats.

Key words: Algerien; resistance, 19th centry, Frenda, El-Gharnouk, Hassinats, Harrars.