تبادل الهدايا بين علماء الغرب الإسلامي وبقية عناصر مجتمعاتهم خلال العصر الوسيط

Abstract EN

The gift is one of factors which help to improve and consolidation of relationships between society members, where fore the prophet Muhammed-peace be upon him-encouraged Muslims to exchange gifts to increase affection links between them.

from this point scientists of Islamic west pursue to consolidate their relationships with their societies members rulers and governed by exchanging gifts with them, only these gifts differ according to the difference of the side which they deal with it.

the gifts which scientists gave to rulers in Islamic west were books which they wrote and they received in the opposite money or expensive clothes or sublime functions, while gifts of these scientists to their colleagues were especially books and other symbolic things as flowers, fruits and perfumes.

on the other hand, some people were expressing their estimate towards scientists by giving them diverse gifts as foods, or animals for entertainment or consumption, or others, but the gifts from scientists to the rabble varied between a furnished accommodation and a hat (Shechia).